Answer 3.
Doube, B.M. (1990). A functional classification for analysis of the structure of dung beetle assemblages. Ecological Entomology, 15, 371-383.

Hanski, I. (1987). Colonization of ephemeral habitats. In Gray, A.J., Crawley, M.J.and Edwards, P.J. (eds), Colonization, succession and stability. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 155-186.

Connell, J.H. (1983). On the prevalence and relative importance of intraspecific competition: Evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist, 122, 661-696.

Wilsey, B.J. and Potvin, C. (2000). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: importance of species evenness in an old field. Ecology, 81, 887-892.